Patent Ductus Arteriosus: References

Doyle T, Kavanaugh-McHugh A, et al. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus in term infants, children, and adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-patent-ductus-arteriosus-in-term-infants-children-and-adults. Updated November 2015 Accessed December 2016.

Kliegman RM, Stanton B, St. Geme J, et al. (2011). Acyanotic congenital heart disease. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed; Ch. 420, 1551-1561. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). American Heart Association. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/CongenitalHeartDefects/AboutCongenitalHeartDefects/Patent-Ductus-Arteriosus-PDA_UCM_307032_Article.jsp. Updated October 4, 2016. Accessed December 2016.

US Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. What is patent ductus arteriosis? https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pda. Updated September 26, 2011. Accessed December 2016.